What do I do first when a water heater starts leaking?
Turn off the cold inlet valve, turn off the power or the gas at the heater, and move anything wet out of the way. Then call for help, and keep the photographs and the times you took each step. Do this before anything else, because the first hour decides how much of the room is wet.
Do not stand in water near the heater's electrical connections, and do not reach behind a tank that is wet. If the water is near an outlet or a plugged-in appliance, leave the power off at the breaker for the room until the area is dry.
If the heater is gas, the gas valve is set to off, and you should smell for gas before you go into a closed room. A strong gas smell means leaving the building and calling the gas utility from outside.
Does a leaking water heater have to be replaced?
Often, yes. A leaking tank is generally replaced, while a leaking drain valve, relief valve or connection can usually be repaired. A plumber decides which applies, and the choice affects how much of the room needs to be opened. Ask for the cause in writing before you agree to either.
Tanks that leak at the base or the seams cannot be sealed in a lasting way, and a repair attempt just delays the next leak. Valves and fittings are inexpensive to fix once the water is off, and a plumber can tell from the drip pattern which part has failed.
Ask the plumber to check the expansion tank and the pressure at the same visit. A heater that is working under too much pressure can fail again soon after the replacement.
Does replacing a water heater need a permit?
Generally yes. Replacement of a water heater in Orlando and Orange County is generally expected to need a plumbing permit, but the rule depends on the address and the installation, so confirm with the local building office before the work is booked.
Ask who pulls the permit. A licensed plumber usually handles the permit and the inspection, and a permit that is not pulled can cause problems with an insurance claim or a later sale of the house.
Permit fees and turnaround times vary by office and are not set out here. Ask the office for its current requirements, and check that the new heater's pan, drain line and strapping requirements are included in the scope.
Does the insurer cover a leaking water heater?
Often for the resulting water damage, while the cost of the heater itself is treated differently. The policy and the cause decide what is covered, so ask the insurer in writing which part of the loss it is paying for.
A sudden failure is usually easier to present than a slow leak that ran for weeks. The photographs, the time the water was found, the readings and the plumber's note on the cause all help the adjuster see the loss clearly.
The insurance claims guide explains the common questions about sudden and gradual losses.
Why does a heater leak damage more in a garage than elsewhere?
Because the garage floor is a slab, the walls are often drywall on one side and a shared wall to the house on the other, and the door is a low, wide gap for water to run through. Water from a heater can cover the garage floor and reach the living space before anyone notices.
The garage slab has no drain for water that spreads, so the water runs to the lowest point and then to the threshold. The drywall on the wall nearest the heater usually takes the most, and that wall often backs onto a room used every day.
Placing a pan under a heater in a garage and running its drain to a safe point is a common way to limit the damage from a future leak. The pan and the drain line are checked by the plumber at the replacement.